An automated RFID-based tracking solution would not only solve most of the problems airlines face in managing unit load devices (ULDs), but also lead to RFID usage for more applications.
Document Management
Background
Recent years, with the progress of electronization and networking, official document drawing can be implemented by computer, which greatly improve the working efficiency. However, the official document for reading, inquiring, borrowing, packaging, distribution, etc., still closely linked with paper files.
Status of traditional Document Management:
1. Inefficient and time-consuming for archiving the document
2. Document arrangement are easily messed up or even lost
3. Access to information of the document is time-consuming
4. Lack of strict management system makes the lack of security of the document
5. Management lagging of the invalid document
Benefits
Objective of this Document Management System
Document management system combines with RFID technology to manage documents.
Stick RFID Tag on each document bag to make it unique when tag read by reader.
Its main purpose is to avoid the loss of valuable knowledge, improve efficiency, and shorten the document processing time, increase security.
Comparison of RFID Technology and Barcode Technology
1. Longer service life, larger information storage capacity, better durability
2. Longer reading and writing distance, faster speed, can be identified in movement
3. Multi-tags information is readable at the same time
4. Data security. Data is updatable, adjust to bad environment
How it works?
Framework of the system
RFID is the abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification. A typical RFID system consists of RFID Reader, RFID Antenna and RFID Tags.
Intelligent document management system devices
- RFID Tags（Document tag / Location tag）
- Information collection terminal（Fixed reader, antenna, antenna extender, handheld reader）
- Document management system
1.RFID Tag stick on each document, mount the antenna in document frame to achieve accurate positioning, gathering document information.
2. Fixed RFID Reader settled on the wall or ceiling of the document room to transmit data. Connect the RJ45 interface with the computer and transfer the data to the server
3. Handheld RFID Reader is used for document inventory and arrangement. For unmatched information, manager will check with handheld and modify the system or document information.
4. To ensure the document tag data readable, the antenna should be mounted based on the actual situation of the archives. Antenna need to be customized to ensure the best effect of reading.
Cases show.
RFID ETC(Electronic Toll Collection) Solution
Background
Electronic toll collection aims to eliminate the delay on toll roads, HOV lanes, toll bridges, and toll tunnels by collecting tolls without cash and without requiring cars to stop. Electronic toll booths may operate alongside cash lanes so that drivers who do not have transponders can pay a cashier or throw coins into a receptacle. With cashless tolling, cars without transponders are either excluded or pay by plate – a bill may be mailed to the address where the car's license plate number is registered, or drivers may have a certain amount of time to pay with a credit card by phone. Open road tolling is a popular form of cashless tolling without toll booths; cars pass electronic readers even at highway speeds without the safety hazard and traffic bottlenecks created by having to slow down to go through an automated toll booth lane.
System Introduction
Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) provide communications between a vehicle and the roadside in specific locations, for example toll plazas. They may then be used to support specific Intelligent Transport System applications such as Electronic Fee Collection.
Configuration of the ETC system
DSRC are for data-only systems and operate on radio frequencies in the 5,725 MHz to 5,875 MHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. DSRC systems consist of Road Side Units (RSUs) and the On Board Units (OBUs) with transceivers and transponders. The DSRC standards specify the operational frequencies and system bandwidths, but also allow for optional frequencies which are covered by national regulations.
Solution 1：EPC C1G2
EPC C1G2 are the short names commonly used instead of "Electronic Product Code Class 1 Generation 2" standard.
Tag：Higgs™ 3 EPC Class 1 Gen 2 RFID Tag IC
Higgs-3 offers a flexible memory architecture that provides for the optimum allocation of EPC and User memory for different use cases such as legacy part numbering systems and service history. User memory can also be read and or write locked on 64-bit boundaries, supporting a variety of public/private usage models.
The general steps are as follows:
In the parking lot ETC project, a reader can connect up to 4 antennas. The reading times of multiple antennas on the same tag will be collected within 200ms, and the lane where the tag is located will be judged according to the reading times.
The entire verification process is:
1. Read the EPC
2. Read TID // 1,2 and then do step 3
3. Read the protected data on the user area through access password
The Hopeland reader has the ability to read EPC, TID, and user zone data with access password simultaneously with one instruction
Read Epc 12byte + tid 12byte + user 8byte (04~07 block , 4 word data with access password)
|
Total Time(S) |
Counts |
Single average read time |
Read times in 200ms |
|
30 |
1051 |
0.028544244 |
7.006666667 |
|
30 |
988 |
0.030364372 |
6.586666667 |
|
30 |
1053 |
0.028490028 |
7.02 |
Time calculation method is Client (Demo software) -> Reader -> Tag
The sampling method is obtained by the total read times in 30 seconds, that is, the time of each read is obtained by 30 / total read times.
Solution 2：EPC C2G2
Hopeland reader supports the latest EPC C2G2 protocol
EPC Class 2 tags are enhanced Gen 2 Class 1 tags. They contain all of the Class 1 features plus an extended TAG ID (TID), extended user memory, authenticated access control and additional features that will be defined in the Class 2 specification.
Tag：NXP® UCODE® DNA Track EPC Class 2 Gen 2
This advanced RAIN RFID chip delivers precise, automated tracking while also offering secure product authentication based on AES encryption. The result is detailed inventory control with the ability to let businesses and consumers confirm originality.
C2G2 tag authentication process
Reader Setting
Insert and activate Encryption keys
– Keys are located in “virtual” user memory
– Keys can be inserted, verified and activated using standard BlockWrite
– After activation the keys can only be used for authentication
(they will be read/write protect)
Two 128-bit encryption keys
o Key0 for Tag Authentication,
o Key1 for Tag Authentication with additional custom data
Untraceable Hides (parts) of the tag’s TID, EPC and/or user memory
Get C2G2 challenge and cypher data
UCODE DNA implement. of ISO/IEC 29167-10
UCODE DNA is designed to be compliant with 29167-10
Supported commands
– TAM1 for Tag Authentication
– TAM2 for Tag Authentication with additional custom data
– ResponseBuffer of 256 bits, to be accessed by the ReadBuffer command
Selected implementation options:
– Three memory profiles defined:
o EPC
o TID
o User Memory
– Two operating modes:
o No additional data (authentication only)
o CBC-encryption of additional custom data, max. 128 bits
– Two 128-bit encryption keys:
o Key0 for Tag Authentication, with MPI: 0000000000000000b
o Key1 for Group and Tag Authentication, with MPI: 0000000000000111b
